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The primary action of the Serratus Posterior Superior is to elevate the ribs during inspiration. This muscle is located at the upper back and is primarily involved in the mechanics of breathing. When it contracts, it helps lift the ribs upward, which aids in expanding the thoracic cavity. This action creates a negative pressure that draws air into the lungs, facilitating inhalation.

The Serratus Posterior Superior's role in inspiration is crucial, especially during more forceful breaths, such as when exercising or experiencing shortness of breath. By elevating the ribs, it works in conjunction with other muscles of respiration to ensure effective and efficient breathing.

In contrast, the actions of retracting the ribs during expiration, protracting the ribs during expiration, or stabilizing the ribs do not accurately describe the primary function of this muscle. While other muscles may perform those actions, the Serratus Posterior Superior is specifically associated with rib elevation during inhalation. This distinction is important for understanding respiratory mechanics and the specific contributions of different muscles in the breathing process.